Vitiligo

Vitiligo (vit-ill-EYE-go) or Leucoderma is a disorder in which white patches of skin appear on different parts of the body. This happens because the cells that make pigment (color) in the skin are destroyed. These cells are called melanocytes (ma-LAN-o-sites). Vitiligo can also affect the mucous membranes (such as the tissue inside the mouth and nose) and the eye.

What Causes Vitiligo?

The cause is not known. Vitiligo may be an autoimmune disease. These diseases happen when your immune system mistakenly attacks some part of your own body. In vitiligo, the immune system may destroy the melanocytes in the skin. It is also possible that one or more genes may make a person more likely to get the disorder.

Who is Affected by Vitiligo?

Many people develop it in their twenties, but it can occur at any age. The disorder affects all races and both sexes equally, however, it is more noticeable in people with dark skin.

What Are the Symptoms of Vitiligo?

• White patches on the skin
• The armpits and groin (where the leg meets the body)
• Around the mouth
• Eyes
• Nostrils
• Navel
• Genitals
• Rectal areas

How is Vitiligo Diagnosed?

The doctor will use a family and medical history, physical exam, and tests to diagnose vitiligo. The doctor may ask questions such as:

• Do you have family members with vitiligo?
• Do you or family members have any autoimmune diseases?
• Did you have a rash, sunburn, or other skin problem before the white patches appeared?
• Did you have some type of stress or physical illness?
• Did your hair turn gray before age 35?
• Are you sensitive to the sun?

The doctor will do a physical exam to rule out other medical problems. Tests might include:

• Taking a small sample (biopsy) of the affected skin to be examined
• Blood tests
• An eye exam